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OverviewProduction & Business ActivityISM Manufacturing PMI

ISM Manufacturing PMI

Production & Business ActivityLeadingMonthly · ISM via FRED
0
Moderate
Health Score

What Is This?

The ISM Manufacturing PMI is the closest thing to a real-time reading of factory America - it surveys purchasing managers at over 300 manufacturers who are among the first to know when orders are rising or falling. Their answers on new orders, production, and hiring roll up into a single number that has been one of the most reliable leading economic indicators for 70 years. Published the first business day of each month by the Institute for Supply Management.

Units
Diffusion index (50 = neutral)
Frequency
monthly
Source
ISM via FRED
Type
leading

How To Read It

Above 50 means the manufacturing sector is expanding - more respondents reported improvement than deterioration. Below 50 means contraction. Above 55 is strong. Above 60 is hot and can signal capacity constraints. Below 45 is meaningful contraction. The new orders sub-component is the most forward-looking - it typically leads the headline by 1-3 months. Manufacturing is only about 11% of GDP but historically it moves first in the business cycle, making this index a reliable early warning system for the broader economy.

Recent Readings

DateValueChange
March 2026Latest
52.7
+0.3pts
February 2026
52.4
0.0pts
February 2026
52.4
-

Historical Chart

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What do you think happens next?

Your projection for ISM Manufacturing PMI

AI Analysis

Analysis updated: Apr 2, 2026·Next refresh: ~1:05 AM EST

Bull Case

A PMI reading of 52.7 signals broad-based expansion in the manufacturing sector, as any print above 50 indicates growth in activity. The rising trend suggests momentum is building, which — given the 3–6 month leading properties of this indicator — points toward strengthening GDP growth and potential upside in business investment through late 2026. If sustained, this level is consistent with improving corporate earnings visibility and a resilient labor market in goods-producing industries.

Bear Case

While 52.7 is expansionary, a single above-50 reading following a prolonged contraction could represent a temporary restocking cycle rather than durable demand recovery. Input cost pressures embedded in sub-indices such as Prices Paid could signal margin compression or renewed inflationary impulses that complicate the Fed's policy path. If new orders growth is not broad-based across industries, the headline figure may be overstating underlying momentum.

Macro Context

The 50-threshold is the critical demarcation line for the ISM PMI; the U.S. manufacturing sector spent much of 2023–2024 in contraction territory, making a sustained move above 52 a potentially significant regime shift. This reading should be cross-referenced with the ISM New Orders and Backlog sub-indices, as well as the Chicago PMI and regional Fed surveys, to confirm whether expansion is broad or narrow. Upcoming industrial production data and durable goods orders will be key to validating whether this leading signal is translating into realized output growth.

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